Kujawy's room

One trimmed outside habitable during holidays chirch and family - solemnities. In rooms
one admired then green twigs, straw - decorations, herbs adorned with coloured blotting-
paper or with paper. One believed, that objects these protected before evil, with bad luck,
brought affluence and health. Wealth equipments depended from economic situation. Often one
modified cottages, one enlarged their surfaces and one liquidated open hearths, what
favoured to maintenance of cleanness in rooms. Thanks to selling of produce farming and to
inventory one acquired more fashionable furniture, dearer equipments, insults and figures.
Often przyozdabiano it with tissue paper flowers, with frame boxes, what favoured to
decorative art outside. In magazine „Wielkopolanin"( Stefański 1848) about Kujawy we will
read, that „u most poor you will find walls so as beds stand quite with pictures saint
Yours covered. More rich have great insults namely M. B. Częstochowską, nicely bound and on
shape of altar placed... Kujawiacy like order and ochędóstwo, because in rooms is their very
nicely". Oskar Kolberg wrote, „that farm and household order occupies Kujawiankom much of
time" and that in rooms „most of equipments, bed high with feather beds made, boxes and
wardrobes in garish glaring flowers or patterned branches painted, in these last plates and
bowls with lines poustawiane or poprzyczepiane on hooks, at last on main wall porozwieszane
of insult saint"( Kolberg 1867, part. 1: 79-80). Łukasz Gołębiowski underlined, that during
weddings was „dom in flowers dressed, best men in towels, ribbons and bouquets elegant"
( Gołębiewski, 1830), In second half XIX of age one can was admire dishes faience - with
flower decoration, which one placed on miśnikach. Objects sacrificed one located in definite
places – saint angles. Altar one located in alkierzu, which in XIX age took place table,
and in period interwar - chest of drawers. Altar one covered with white table-cloth,
consisted he from wooden or metal - crucifix or „osóbki", that is to say sculptures Of
divine mother Skępskiej. On figures one hung rosaries, holy medals and one covered with
glass - shade. Close by them one placed tissue paper bouquets knows with twigs, candles in
candlesticks metal - or glass -, one put prayer-books, printed material fleeting about
contents religious and different devotional articles brought from church fairs. Special
attention turned buteleczki on holy water( from coloured glasses with reliefs kościółków
whether of wonderful pictures). Altar being found on wall had picture with frame box from
artificial flowers. In interwar - period on altars were visible figures Of divine mother
Immaculate Conceptions - plaster -, metal - or porcelain -.One met also statuettes: Of
hearts Maryi, Of hearts Of Jesus, St. Józefa, St. Antoniego and divine Mothers Skępskiej.
Close by of altars one hung coloured straw - spiders, and at door-frame kropielniczki from
sheet metal or clays. pendant Insults over beds introduced Mother of Divine Częstochowską,
Christ Crucified, patrons( eg St. Agatę, of which on Kujawach united with protection before
fire). Most rich had paint insults on paper or canvas, were sometimes also „wysadzane" on
board, to plywood, to sheet metal. Not far of religious pictures one hung plakiety fair -,
wianki from herbs from octave Of Corpus-Christi Day. for frames one put in Easter - palms.
In time of holidays in interior of room one found: green sweet flag, harvest-home - wreaths
whether aheaves not threshed cereals. Green!!!!!s at the beginning XX of age one hung under
ceiling how podtaźniczki rising it with decorations from blotting-paper, straws and with
embryoes of forests, of orchards and of fields. One swept pugging clay - and one strewed
with white sand, sometimes creating example.
From 1979 year Museum to them. Jana Kasprowicza in Inowrocławiu organizes, what two years
competition of interior decorations outside and of examples poured out of sand.


Paint interiors

Interiors of rooms, walls and ceilings in cottages one whitened with lime. Sometimes for
decorations one put „packi" dipping cloth in blue washing blue to washings. Sometimes one
painted ślaczek under ceiling. Places, which often got dirty one covered paper- makatkami,
adorning it. In interwar - period adorning walls one used of ready patterns or of stamps cut
out from potato, of carrot, of beet whether of chicory. One cut out straight examples and
dipping in washing blue one impressed on wall. These manners of painting of walls ousted
after last war painter's roll.
In Świątkowicach at Eleonory Adamskiej and Władysławy Włodarzewskiej after war one found
paint by hand on walls examples flower and makatki from paper with decorative motives.
Władysława Włodarzewska( 1904-1992) this author of decorations, of flowers, of spiders,
knowing local decorative traditions delivered her by mother, Mariannę Adamską. Already being
with little girl painted examples with cloth wound on finger and dipped in washing blue.
Later in own already flat painted courageous flower compositions surrounding door-frames
door, of windows, insults and removals hung in frames. wall - Compositions separated
makatkami paint on paper. Włodarzewska painted using fat outline, taking down red with green,
yellow pigments and broken colours. Close by of flowers one admired in her works animals and
of people, elegant we will give. Possessed full house malatur, artificial of tissue paper
flowers, adorned of spiders from straw and reeds attracted eyesight of lovers this creations.
Adamska( 1908) painted more gently, used of thinner brushes, built flaccid compositions
from wavy stems and little flowers. Used brighter colours.

Paint faience

Linking to" European examples" also in factories włocławskich one used such technicses of
embellishment of faience as: decalcomania, chiaroscuro, pattern, shower-baths, painting
manual whether decoration plastic. with Huge success were glad bowls, plates, paint mugs by
hand in secret aestheticses „for people", with motives of cornflowers, of tulips, of asters
and of roses. These last paint with wide pulls of brush with use sappy colours granted
włocławskim to faiences of feature of separateness. not manner to connect of faience -
motives with people's art, because she not was source of inspiration malatur Example, that
was inversely, box kujawska from gatherings Museum Ethnographical in Toruniu( No inw. 3482)
linking with character of stylization of roses to motives old faience. Problem „ludowości"
of faience appeared, when formed in 1950 year Institute Pattern-designings Industrial
( management Wanda Telakowska) went out with proposal, to use talents of workwomen from
factory of faience. Supervision fulfiled artist artist Antoni Buszek. Brought to light one's
own abilities of such palntress as: Salomea Zajkowska, Helena Troszyńska, which reached
individual style.


Sprinkling with sand

Custom was pouring out of small sand on clay - pugging during holidays kościelnych. One
used archaic examples linking to mythical „drzewka lives" whether of space( symbols of suns,
of moon, of stars), which filled sandy carpets. In age XIX on compositions from sand had
influence court - carpets and carpets, of which pattern-designing inspired working at
manor-houses country- women. One transfered it on puggings peasant's rooms, and in spring
and with summer also on yards and narrow paths. Sand had to to be white, dry and friable.
Most straight manner was sprinkling from palm. Sometimes one used to this bottle, funnel,
dzbanuszek with beak whether kubeczek with little hole.
In interwar - period in Świątkowicach young girls sprinkling examples on narrow paths
tasted to attract bachelors. In Łagiewnikach under Inowrocławiem after last war one made a
note at home Józefy Tarneckiej examples about geometrical motives: ósemkowate obramienia
running along walls of room full scrotls or grates. One sprinkled sand to time, when in
rooms former was hreshing floors clay -. In interwar - period together with dissemination of
wooden floors, examples „rysowano" in kitchens and halls. Motives from sand was vegetable
and geometrical, sometimes enriched for inscriptions whether profiles of animals. Examples
roślinno-kwiatowe poured out was by women knowing kujawski embroidery( regions Of smith,
Włocławka, Radziejowa). Former this flowery twigs from roses, of cornflowers, of sunflowers,
of pansies whether of chrysanthemums. Sometimes was this form of spiral with single flower,
little rosettes whether with leaflets. geometrical Examples this: archaic „chluby", that is
to say scrotls, „drzewka lives" in straight figure of straight line „rózgi" protruding from
flower-pots. Composed large full carpets pasmowo with arranged esownicami, little windmills,
drabinką, with broken lines,with, romboidalną grate. One met spirals, of hearts, to fish of
full, circles, points composed on different manners. Took place, that one from exchanged
single motives rhythmically filled all carpet surrounded ślaczkiem. Independently, from kind
of examples in sandy carpets appeared inscriptions greeting guests, blessing and inviting
to centre. Among clevest „piaskarek" distinguished oneself: Józefa Frankowska( l896-1989)
from Boniewa, Maria Glińska( 1894-1978) from Crumb whether Wiktoria Banasiak( 1897-1976)
from Bogołomii.


Makings from straws, reeds, blotting-papers, of paper

Ritual Function of some decorations fits to straw - spiders, of which various additions,
from ears of cereals whether of pea, had to bring affluence to house. Pendant decorations
plaited from different raw materials showed on magic vegetative, but also on relationships
with world dead. Formed in XIX age form of spider has one's own relationship from
podłaźniczką from green saplings or with harvest-home - wreath hung at ceilings as symbols
of continuity of vegetation, in dead under this in relation to times of winter and early
springs. Name of spider linked to court - chandeliers, what confirms fragment of novel about
Kujawach, in of which we read: „służba brings candles, lights spiders"
( Orpiszewski 1838: 179).
On Kujawy one favoured several of forms of spider. Old type of spider was construction
plaited complicated from straw - plates diverse sizes united with chainlets of straws and
of coloured papers. Shallow one executed with crossed patyczków wound straw, possessing
shallow many-sided shapes. Greatest plate this „zwornik", united with smaller chains. With
mountain all chains main „zwornika" podwieszone existences in one place, from all of angles
remaining plates chains dropped also in hole creating thick and coloured wisiory.
Spiders in three changes constructed Zofia Tomaszewska with Grodna under Smith
( 1913-1974). Tomaszewska knew form of chandelier spider from straw - plates. Oneself
invented type called „karuzelą". Possessed he nearing shape to chandelier spider, but straw
- plates took place with round plates plaited flat from straw - tresses. In places of
joining of chains with central plate put in large flower keystones. Novelty was coloured
statuettes laleczek, musicians placed on greater plates. Movement spider round his of axis
reminded turns of merry-go-round. Statuettes executed from coloured tissue papers on wire -
construction. with Third form existences crystal - spiders from reeds and straws. Built it
from pyramid segments united with bases four- or sixwalls.
On Kujawy one knew form of crystal - spider from „pazurami", that is to say leaving on
sides smaller koszyczkami united with central segment with chains from straw. Leokadia
Wolska did spiders from „pazurami" from oneself straws, sometimes adding reed. This was
novelty, because decorations hung under ceiling possessed coloured additions. Executed it
in two variants, decorated with chainlets straw - little eyes hanging loosely and
traditional, where wisiory executed from short straws divided coloured kwiatkami from paper
about wavy banks. Leokadia Wolska created also paper- curtains.
Władysława Włodarzewska and Eleonora Adamska also created spiders, in of which used large
tissue paper flowers, placed very thick on joinings koszyczków. More new decoration was!!!!!
balls and „angel hairs".
B at k and e t y flower one placed in altars household and one executed from coloured
blotting-papers or of paper. Practical was thin tissue paper whether cigarette tissue paper.
Bouquets had two forms: round reminding cone or with flat zwaną twig to arrangements from
obu pages of altar. Base of construction was wooden little stick, from which left twigs
kwietne. One settled it in buteleczkach, phials filled with sand, one clog some piped in
turnip-rooted cabbage or in clay - bases, which always one wound from outside with coloured
blotting-paper. Most general flowers this roses, asters, poppies, cornflowers,
chrysanthemums, daffodils and lilies. One knew several of manners their of forming. Roses
one executed from long belt of blotting-paper about turned inside out previously and
spiralnie stranded of bank( delicate wałeczek, fat turning inside out, straight bend) or
one did it from separately low-cut petals from twice complicated blotting-papers united at
hole with wire determining base of twig. Flowers wielopłatkowe one formed from long strands,
in which one cut out petals suitable shapes: semicircular, lancetowate, triangular, straight.
One wrapped strand many times round wire wrinkling it a little. Inside one placed smaller
centre or rods likening it to forms of flower. Flowers one did from several of colours of
blotting-paper, former was two-coloured and in one colour( roses, asters).
One executed flowers wielopłatkowych by putting on oneself of discs from blotting-paper or
of paper about ponacinanych strzępiasto banks. Resources these of flowers filled little
kółeczka or rods ciemniejszej of colour. Sometimes single flower formed was from tens of
discs przetkniętych by filament and mocniej drawn, what created spherical heads, usually of
chrysanthemums. At composing of bouquets one used of flowers different sizes.
From flowers one did also crowns and garlands on frames saint pictures, later also on
looking-glasses. Crowns had shape of frame, one formed it from wire, on which one wrapped
flowers and leaves. Garlands( from l to 2 m lengths) formed on construction from thinner,
more elastic wire rose semicircular shapes, podkówkowe, hung straight in hole or
asymetrycznie adorned looking-glasses whether walls. One adorned them also plaster -
statuettes placed on przyściennych shelves. with Single flowers one adorned also curtains
from paper.
Country- women cut out paper- curtains from white tissue papers. Paper on curtains one
folded on 4 to 8 parts cutting out with penknife sketched with pencil example Among
geometrical examples were visible circles, rosettes, starlets, broken lines, diamonds.
Compositions one built from richly leaved stems, of cornflowers, of sunflowers, of flowers
wielopłatkowych whether of spray of grapes. Bottom edge of curtains adorned little tooths
triangular or semicircular. In mountain and after sides of curtain one decorated with park
coloured blotting-papers. On window-sill one placed flower-pots with geraniums. Shelves in
cupboards, eaves of chimney over open hearth one diversified with narrow low-cut little
tooths from paper, that is to say belts with geometrical decoration. Sometimes was smooth
with trójkątno-zębatą bottom edge.
From other objects, which also fulfiled decorative functions, to remember one should about
aspergillums to holy water executed from straight little stick wrapped spiralnie with
coloured belts of blotting-paper, topped with wisp from stranded wooden shavings. Such
aspergillums executes yet to today Antoni Wasielewski( 1918), plecionkarz from Smólnika.
Interiors adorned also statuettes of little birds, to which one credited magic features,
relationship with souls with deceased, representations not hampered freedoms whether with
symbol of peace. Hung was under ceiling in Whitsuntide, pigeons symbolized saint Spirit.
Sometimes pigeons of life -size one planed from woods and one provided in wings from split
slats, also fanwise it half-opening( Lubanie). Being found in gatherings Museum Of earth the
Earth Kujawskiej and Dobrzyńskiej in Włocławku two little birds pine authorships Pawła
Lipińskiego from straight years fiftieth can be straight line their continuation.
Tissue paper flowers take place today plastic in flower-pots whether crystal - vases,
placed on room dividers. Executing of paper- decorations, of straw - spiders is not well-
known on greater area Kujaw. But in numerous school - club rooms, mostly in cities
( Włocławek) we meet interior decorations linking to traditional. Demonstrations, fairs and
folkloristic picnics contribute to interests of inhabitants of cities with art of people's
area.